Res29
引用 |
|
Anabolic Steroids: What They Are, Uses, Side Effects & Risks An In‑Depth Guide to Anabolic Steroids (Anabolic–androgenic steroids – AAS) Prepared for the general public; information is meant for educational purposes only. --- 1. What Are Anabolic Steroids? An anabolic steroid is a synthetic derivative of testosterone that has two main actions: Property Description Anabolic (muscle‑building) Promotes protein synthesis → muscle growth, increased strength and endurance. Androgenic (male sex hormone–like) Stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics: facial hair, deepening voice, etc. The most common medical use is to treat conditions that cause low testosterone or delayed puberty in males. --- 2. How Do They Work? Binding – The steroid binds to the intracellular androgen receptor (AR). Complex Formation – Receptor–ligand complex translocates into the nucleus. Gene Regulation – It acts as a transcription factor, turning on genes for protein synthesis and muscle growth. The effect is dose-dependent: higher doses lead to more pronounced side effects. 3. Common Side Effects Category Typical Symptoms Hormonal Gynecomastia (breast tissue enlargement), decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, testicular atrophy, infertility. Metabolic Increased LDL/total cholesterol, reduced HDL, insulin resistance, weight gain. Psychological Mood swings, irritability, aggression ("roid rage"), depression when dosage is stopped. Cardiovascular Hypertension, increased risk of heart attack/stroke in predisposed individuals. These side effects can be reversible after discontinuation, but some may persist (e.g., gynecomastia requiring surgery). --- 4. Clinical Trial Landscape A systematic review of clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) up to 15 Oct 2024 identified 38 interventional studies that explicitly use anabolic steroids in a human population. The key characteristics are summarised below. Study Design Population Steroid Regimen Primary Outcome 1–5 Randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled Healthy men 20‑45 yrs (n≈120) Testosterone enanthate 200 mg IM q2w Hormonal profile + body composition 6–10 Single‑arm open label Post‑menopausal women with osteoporosis (n=75) Methylprednisolone 0.5 mg/kg/day for 12 wk Bone mineral density 11–15 Randomized, cross‑over Athletes with low testosterone (20 mg/day). Side Effects: Acne and erythrocytosis were common in testosterone users. Steroid-induced mood swings and insomnia reported in 12 % of participants. 2.3 Epidemiological Data A meta-analysis of 15 cohort studies found a dose–response relationship between cumulative steroid exposure (in mg/kgｷday) and the incidence of adverse events, with an odds ratio of 1.08 per additional 10 mg/kgｷday. In elite weightlifters, 18% reported at least one chronic health issue linked to anabolic steroids, compared to 3% in non-supplement users (p  https://www.valley.md/dianabol-cycle-benefits-and-risks <br />
|
スレッドリスト表示 / スレッド内ページ移動 /
<<
[1-25]
[26-31]
>>
