in the late Qing Dynasty Central Government, do face a deep crisis. In 1860 the second Opium War ended, Chinese embarked on the road of learning from the west. Just a few decades, living, life and death, living habits, habits of mind, are in the process of change, highlighting the differences of regional development, the rise of logical localism. Moreover, with the extermination of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hunan group rise, governors have gradually put the military and financial power and human rights etc. for football in his body. From the local power, the central fading.
Gu Yanwu's first latter-day bosom friend, was born in the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Taiyan. In 1899, Zhang Taiyan wrote a "local" on "sub town on" two articles, with nouns, concept and Gu Yanwu as old, mean quite new. Zhang Taiyan thinks, China modernization must be accompanied by a institutional reform, points of institutional reform, is the central decentralization, local expansion,<a href="http://www.silvaspastry.com/images/_vti_log/coach-baggu-pop-outlet-28.html">コーチ アウトレット</a> http://www.silvaspastry.com/images/_vti_log/coach-baggu-pop-outlet-28.html, based on the local government to resolve the conflict of power in the process of modernization.
Qing government decision, Yan > caused local forces
This is the eighteenth Century British Parliament, MPs is through the oral argument to protect the rights of englishmen. Parliament is the realization of democracy by the agency, it is Chinese introduced in the modern, gradually changed Chinese centralized autocratic system. Painting / B.Cole
local autonomy, can dissolve the centralized crisis?
however, the Qing Dynasty is not a true sense of the modern government, hundreds of years of "home world" thinking deep, it is difficult to truly to share power. So imitation constitution principle, has become "the power of unity in the imperial court, powers entrusted to public opinion", that is to say the central government still held the real power, only allow people to participate in the discussion of politics. But even this limited concessions, the Qing government didn't do it to get real, real ideas or "thinking" is the current governor of the provinces -- weaken permissions, new governor and governor of county of Japanese palace permissions only fairly, finance, military power into the central noted, it is to strengthen the central power.
especially for the Qing government shocked, is a "mutual protection in the southeast in 1900". At that time, because "the Boxer Movement out Yang Fu Ching" broke out, the Qing government carried away to the powers "a declaration of war". But the cool headed southeast of the provincial governors, nowhere ignore the orders of the government, but with the powers meet local armistice, mutual southeast, make southeast of the provincial exemption from a calamity. This incident to the Chinese people an important enlightenment. For instance, Liang Qichao, introduced the Swiss federal system to China in 1901, said that China since ancient times has the tradition of local autonomy,<a href="http://www.gaeanallusions.com/images/graph/bottega-veneta-sayihu-outlet-6.html">ボッテガヴェネタ長財布</a> http://www.gaeanallusions.com/images/graph/bottega-veneta-sayihu-outlet-6.html, if can use the federal system, many problems are easy to resolve in china.
centralized crisis, had a hunch that in early Qing government there. Especially the "mutual protection in the southeast, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty is a heavy blow. So how to establish a new mode of centralization and decentralization, the Qing government also in thinking. In 1906, the Qing government announced that the preparation for constitutionalism, which is an important element of the reference western constitutional experience of other countries, to the official system reform as a breakthrough, the reconstruction of the central and local decentralization mode.
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